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Chapter 14 Individualism and Collectivism

The destabilization of traditional identities -- individual and collective -- led to a search for new ways of defining one's place in the world. Artists operating outside the academic system formed bonds with like-minded colleagues based on shared aesthetic, economic, and social ideas. Those appalled by the negative aspects of urban life often took refuge in the countryside and formed artists' colonies. Artists who remained in cities formed organizations whose purposes could be as broad as exhibiting the work of member artists, or as narrow as the promotion of a particular ideology. The need to define one's place in the world applied to nations as well, with artists playing a key role in formulating the characteristics of national identity.

Artists and Artworks

Readings

Barrett, Brian Dudley. Artists on the Edge. The Rise of Coastal Artists' Colonies, 1880-1920. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2011

Berman, Patricia G. In Another Light: Danish Painting in the Nineteenth Century. New York: Vendome Press, 2007

Budapest, 1869-1914: modernité hongroise et peinture européenne. Exhibition catalogue. Paris: A Biro, 1995

Chassé, Charles. The Nabis and Their Period, Michael Bullock, trans. London: Lund Humphries, 1969

Clarke, Jay A. “Neo-Idealism, Expressionism, and the Writing of Art History,” Art Institute of Chicago Museum Studies, vol. 28, no. 1 (2002): 24-37

Dreams of a Summer Night. Exhibition catalogue. London: Arts Council of Great Britain, 1986

Hetmann, Frederik. Worpswede: die Geschichte einer deutschen Künstlerkolonie. Munich: C. Bertelsmann, 1987 (in German)

Hobsbawm, Eric. The Age of Empire: 1875-1914. New York: Vintage: 1989

Lübbbren, Nina. Rural Artists’ Colonies in Europe, 1870-1910. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2001

Mauner, George L. The Nabis: Their History and Their Art, 1888-1896. New York: Garland, 1967

Smith, John Boulton. The Golden Age of Finnish Art: Art Nouveau and the National Spirit. Helsinki: Otava, 1985

Worpswede: eine deutsche Künsterkolonie um 1900. Ottersberg-Fischerhude: Galerie Verlag Fischerhude, 1986 (in German)

Subtitle

INDIVIDUALISM AND COLLECTIVISM

Map of Locations

Paris Map, post-Haussmann

1900 Exposition universelle map

Poland - maps of 1772, 1793, 1795 partitions

Images

Munich International Art Exhibition, 1888. One of the many international exhibitions where nations marketed their identities.

Munich International Art Exhibition, 1888. One of the many international exhibitions where nations marketed their identities.

Grave of Edouard Dujardin, Montparnasse Cemetery, Paris. He coined the term Cloisonism.

Grave of Edouard Dujardin, Montparnasse Cemetery, Paris. He coined the term Cloisonism.

Passage des Panoramas, Paris (2nd arrondissement). Bernard and Denis met here at Académie Julian.

Passage des Panoramas, Paris (2nd arrondissement). Bernard and Denis met here at Académie Julian.

Passage des Panoramas, Paris (2nd arrondissement). Bernard and Denis met here at Académie Julian.

Passage des Panoramas, Paris (2nd arrondissement). Bernard and Denis met here at Académie Julian.

A demoralized France struggles with its identify after the Franco-Prussian War 1870-71

A demoralized France struggles with its identify after the Franco-Prussian War 1870-71

National competition between Germany and France at the 1878 Exposition universelle lampooned in Punch magazine

National competition between Germany and France at the 1878 Exposition universelle lampooned in Punch magazine

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